Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (#TBTA)
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The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) by World Trade Organization (WTO) was issued on April 12, 1979.
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
Preamble
#tbta01 - General provisions
Technical regulations and standards
#tbta02 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by central government bodies
#tbta03 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by local government bodies
#tbta04 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by non-governmental bodies
Conformity with technical regulations and standards
#tbta05 - Determination of conformity with technical regulations or standards by central government bodies
#tbta06 - Determination by local government and non-governmental bodies of conformity with technical regulations or standards
Certification systems
#tbta07 - Certification systems operated by central government bodies
#tbta08 - Certification systems operated by local government and non-governmental bodies
#tbta09 - International and regional certification systems
Information and assistance
#tbta10 - Information about technical regulations, standards and certification systems
#tbta11 - Technical assistance to other Parties
#tbta12 - Special and differential treatment of developing countries
Institutions, consultation and dispute settlement
#tbta13 - The Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade
#tbta14 - Consultation and dispute settlement
Final provisions
#tbta15 - Final provisions
Annexes
#tbtaa1 - Annex 1 - Terms and their definitions for the specific purposes of this agreement
#tbtaa2 - Annex 2 - Technical Expert Groups
#tbtaa3 - Annex 3 - Code of good practice for the preparation, adoption, and application of standards / Panels
Source: https://gatt-disputes.wto.org/sites/default/files/documents/6%20Full%20TR%20Codes/Instrument152-tbt.pdf for the original text, and THE WTO AGREEMENTS: AGREEMENT ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE for the current text.
For the complete text of the Global Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947), see GATT 1947 (WTO legal texts).
The backlinks below usually do not include the child and sibling items, nor the pages in the breadcrumbs.
- Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations
- #tbta01 - General provisions
- #tbta02 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by central government bodies
- #tbta03 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by local government bodies
- #tbta04 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by non-governmental bodies
- #tbta05 - Determination of conformity with technical regulations or standards by central government bodies
- #tbta06 - Determination by local government and non-governmental bodies of conformity with technical regulations or standards
- #tbta07 - Certification systems operated by central government bodies
- #tbta08 - Certification systems operated by local government and non-governmental bodies
- #tbta09 - International and regional certification systems
- #tbta10 - Information about technical regulations, standards and certification systems
- #tbta11 - Technical assistance to other Parties
- #tbta12 - Special and differential treatment of developing countries
- #tbta13 - The Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade
- #tbta14 - Consultation and dispute settlement
- #tbta15 - Final provisions
- #tbtaa1 - Annex 1 - Terms and their definitions for the specific purposes of this agreement
- #tbtaa2 - Annex 2 - Technical Expert Groups
- #tbtaa3 - Annex 3 - Code of good practice for the preparation, adoption, and application of standards / Panels
- #tbtap - Preamble
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Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (#TBTA)
- #tbta01 - General provisions
- #tbta02 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by central government bodies
- #tbta03 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by local government bodies
- #tbta04 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by non-governmental bodies
- #tbta05 - Determination of conformity with technical regulations or standards by central government bodies
- #tbta06 - Determination by local government and non-governmental bodies of conformity with technical regulations or standards
- #tbta07 - Certification systems operated by central government bodies
- #tbta08 - Certification systems operated by local government and non-governmental bodies
- #tbta09 - International and regional certification systems
- #tbta10 - Information about technical regulations, standards and certification systems
- #tbta11 - Technical assistance to other Parties
- #tbta12 - Special and differential treatment of developing countries
- #tbta13 - The Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade
- #tbta14 - Consultation and dispute settlement
- #tbta15 - Final provisions
- #tbtaa1 - Annex 1 - Terms and their definitions for the specific purposes of this agreement
- #tbtaa2 - Annex 2 - Technical Expert Groups
- #tbtaa3 - Annex 3 - Code of good practice for the preparation, adoption, and application of standards / Panels
- #tbtap - Preamble
The parent item of Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (#TBTA) is Agreement, regulation, directive or encyclical letter, which has child items:
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Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (#TBTA)
- #tbta01 - General provisions
- #tbta02 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by central government bodies
- #tbta03 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by local government bodies
- #tbta04 - Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by non-governmental bodies
- #tbta05 - Determination of conformity with technical regulations or standards by central government bodies
- #tbta06 - Determination by local government and non-governmental bodies of conformity with technical regulations or standards
- #tbta07 - Certification systems operated by central government bodies
- #tbta08 - Certification systems operated by local government and non-governmental bodies
- #tbta09 - International and regional certification systems
- #tbta10 - Information about technical regulations, standards and certification systems
- #tbta11 - Technical assistance to other Parties
- #tbta12 - Special and differential treatment of developing countries
- #tbta13 - The Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade
- #tbta14 - Consultation and dispute settlement
- #tbta15 - Final provisions
- #tbtaa1 - Annex 1 - Terms and their definitions for the specific purposes of this agreement
- #tbtaa2 - Annex 2 - Technical Expert Groups
- #tbtaa3 - Annex 3 - Code of good practice for the preparation, adoption, and application of standards / Panels
- #tbtap - Preamble
- Ambient Air Quality Directive (EU) 2008/50
- Biodical products regulation (EU) 528/2012
- Birds Directive (EC) 2009/147
- Clean and energy efficient road transport vehicles (EU) 2019/1161
- Consumer Rights Directive (EU) 2011/83
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Digital Services Act (Reg. EU 2022/2065)
- #dsa01 - Subject matter
- #dsa02 - Scope
- #dsa03 - Definitions
- #dsa04 - 'Mere Conduit'
- #dsa05 - 'Caching'
- #dsa06 - Hosting
- #dsa07 - Voluntary own-initiative investigations and legal compliance
- #dsa08 - No general monitoring or active fact-finding obligations
- #dsa09 - Orders to act against illegal content
- #dsa10 - Orders to provide information
- #dsa11 - Points of contact for Member States’ authorities, the Commission and the Board
- #dsa12 - Points of contact for recipients of the service
- #dsa13 - Legal representatives
- #dsa14 - Terms and conditions
- #dsa15 - Transparency reporting obligations for providers of intermediary services
- #dsa16 - Notice and action mechanisms
- #dsa17 - Statement of reasons
- #dsa18 - Notification of suspicions of criminal offences
- #dsa19 - Exclusion for micro and small enterprises
- #dsa20 - Internal complaint-handling system
- #dsa21 - Out-of-court dispute settlement
- #dsa22 - Trusted flaggers
- #dsa23 - Measures and protection against misuse
- #dsa24 - Transparency reporting obligations for providers of online platforms
- #dsa25 - Online interface design and organisation
- #dsa26 - Advertising on online platforms
- #dsa27 - Recommender system transparency
- #dsa28 - Online protection of minors
- #dsa29 - Exclusion for micro and small enterprises
- #dsa30 - Traceability of traders
- #dsa31 - Compliance by design
- #dsa32 - Right to information
- #dsa33 - Very large online platforms and very large online search engines
- #dsa34 - Risk assessment
- #dsa35 - Mitigation of risks
- #dsa36 - Crisis response mechanism
- #dsa37 - Independent audit
- #dsa38 - Recommender systems
- #dsa39 - Additional online advertising transparency
- #dsa40 - Data access and scrutiny
- #dsa41 - Compliance function
- #dsa42 - Transparency reporting obligations
- #dsa43 - Supervisory fee
- #dsa44 - Standards
- #dsa45 - Codes of conduct
- #dsa46 - Codes of conduct for online advertising
- #dsa47 - Codes of conduct for accessibility
- #dsa48 - Crisis protocols
- #dsa49 - Competent authorities and Digital Services Coordinators
- #dsa50 - Requirements for Digital Services Coordinators
- #dsa51 - Powers of Digital Services Coordinators
- #dsa52 - Penalties
- #dsa53 - Right to lodge a complaint
- #dsa54 - Compensation
- #dsa55 - Activity reports
- #dsa56 - Competences
- #dsa57 - Mutual assistance
- #dsa58 - Cross-border cooperation among Digital Services Coordinators
- #dsa59 - Referral to the Commission
- #dsa60 - Joint investigations
- #dsa61 - European Board for Digital Services
- #dsa62 - Structure of the Board
- #dsa63 - Tasks of the Board
- #dsa64 - Development of expertise and capabilities
- #dsa65 - Enforcement of obligations of providers of very large online platforms and of very large online search engines
- #dsa66 - Initiation of proceedings by the Commission and cooperation in investigation
- #dsa67 - Requests for information
- #dsa68 - Power to take interviews and statements
- #dsa69 - Power to conduct inspections
- #dsa70 - Interim measures
- #dsa71 - Commitments
- #dsa72 - Monitoring actions
- #dsa73 - Non-compliance
- #dsa74 - Fines
- #dsa75 - Enhanced supervision of remedies to address infringements of obligations laid down in Section 5 of Chapter III
- #dsa76 - Periodic penalty payments
- #dsa77 - Limitation period for the imposition of penalties
- #dsa78 - Limitation period for the enforcement of penalties
- #dsa79 - Right to be heard and access to the file
- #dsa80 - Publication of decisions
- #dsa81 - Review by the Court of Justice of the European Union
- #dsa82 - Requests for access restrictions and cooperation with national courts
- #dsa83 - Implementing acts relating to Commission intervention
- #dsa84 - Professional secrecy
- #dsa85 - Information sharing system
- #dsa86 - Representation
- #dsa87 - Exercise of the delegation
- #dsa88 - Committee procedure
- #dsa89 - Amendments to Directive 2000/31/EC
- #dsa90 - Amendment to Directive (EU) 2020/1828
- #dsa91 - Review
- #dsa92 - Anticipated application to providers of very large online platforms and of very large online search engines
- #dsa93 - Entry into force and application
- Directive on Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (EC) 2009/31
- Ecodesign Directive (EC) 2009/125
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive (EU) 2011/92
- Environmental Noise Directive (EC) 2002/49
- #ffsi - A framework to facilitate sustainable investment (EU) 2020/852
- F-Gas regulation (EU) 517/2014
- Habitats Directive (EEC) 92/43
- Industrial emissions directive (EU) 2010/75
- Landfill Waste Directive (EC) 1999/31
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#MagnificaHumanitas - On safeguarding the human person in the time of Artificial Intelligence
- #mahu001 - Humanity is today facing a pivotal choice
- #mahu002 - We can diligently contribute to every initiative that builds a more just world
- #mahu003 - The Encyclical Rerum Novarum, the “Social Doctrine of the Church”
- #mahu004 - We must ask for the wisdom to interpret the great trends of our time
- #mahu005 - It falls to us to face the challenges of our time with clarity of thought and responsibility
- #mahu006 - What direction should we choose as a people and as a human community?
- #mahu007 - The construction of the Tower of Babel and the building of the walls of Jerusalem
- #mahu008 - An undertaking with God at the center, which rebuilds relationships before rebuilding with stones
- #mahu009 - The primary choice is .. between constructing Babel or rebuilding Jerusalem
- #mahu010 - We must, then, avoid the “Babel syndrome,” ...
- #mahu011 - First .. building on a firm relationship with God
- #mahu012 - Secondly, building for the common good means accepting the limits and weakness of humanity
- #mahu013 - Thirdly, building a world in which everyone can flourish requires shared responsibility and courage
- #mahu014 - We must avoid humiliating or antagonistic words, opting rather for clarity and frankness
- #mahu015 - True progress stems from a heart open to others, an intelligence willing to listen, a will that seeks what unites
- #mahu016 - Abandon the construction of yet another Tower of Babel, join forces in building up the common good
- #mahu017 - how the Social Doctrine of the Church has taken shape
- #mahu018 - first clarify some principles concerning the way in which the Church exists in history and relates to the world
- #mahu019 - the Church actively participates in the processes by which society grows and is organized
- #mahu020 - The Church’s vocation and duty to accompany humanity in the specifics of history
- #mahu021 - the Church acknowledges the value of social and political realities and honors their specific responsibilities
- #mahu022 - she learns to develop her own teaching at the service of the dignity of every person and the good of all peoples
- #mahu023 - The Church recognizes the importance of listening to scientific research and of encouraging a serious & honest debate
- #mahu024 - the function of the Church's Social Doctrine
- #mahu025 - truth is a gift to be shared, not a possession to be monopolized
- #mahu026 - each Christian community to interpret the reality in its own country with clarity and responsibility
- #mahu027 - Social Doctrine becomes a theology of communion in history
- #mahu028 - emphasize some essential points
- #mahu029 - a living doctrine that remains faithful to the Gospel while growing in response to the “new things” of every era
- #mahu030 - Leo XIII’s Encyclical Rerum Novarum
- #mahu031 - Pius XI’s Encyclical Quadragesima Anno
- #mahu032 - Pius XII - a framework of an international order based on justice, peace and the recognition of human dignity
- #mahu033 - Saint John XXIII - the global dimension of social issues and the language of rights
- #mahu034 - The Second Vatican Council
- #mahu035 - the Pontificate of Saint Paul VI
- #mahu036 - criteria for recognizing what humanizes or dehumanizes and what liberates or oppresses
- #mahu037 - fair wages as the concrete means of verifying the justness of the entire socioeconomic system
- #mahu038 - solidarity understood as a concrete, shared responsibility among individuals, peoples and nations
- #mahu039 - market and private initiative only if they remain subordinate to the moral law
- #mahu040 - economic activity cannot claim to solve social problems simply through the expansion of a commercial mentality
- #mahu041 - development, justice, institutions and the market are spaces where charity in truth must find historical expressionf
- #mahu042 - a Church capable of listening to the cry of the poor, migrants and victims of new forms of slavery
- #mahu043 - “the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor” cannot be separated
- #mahu044 - seeking the common good, paths of reconciliation, a world that ensures “land, housing and work for all"
- #mahu045 - a corpus of shared principles and criteria, because this faith-based interpretation has never been interrupted
- #mahu046 - we must reflect on the common good, the universal destination of goods, subsidiarity, solidarity and social justice
- #mahu047 - In offering these reflections, my hope is ..
- #mahu048 - Human persons' deepest vocation is to enter into the Trinitarian dynamic of love received and shared
- #mahu049
- #mahu050 - Human dignity does not depend on a person’s abilities, wealth or position in life, nor on the right or wrong choices
- #mahu051 - The value of persons, however, does not depend on what they achieve or produce
- #mahu052 - the more profound and important level of ontological dignity
- #mahu053 - Every human person possesses an infinite dignity, inalienably grounded in his or her very being
- #mahu054 - On the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- #mahu055 - Human rights are inviolable
- #mahu056 - we have abandoned “the search for the solid foundations sustaining our decisions and our laws”
- #mahu057 - there is still a long way to go to ensure that the rights of women, are equally and genuinely guaranteed
- #mahu058 - It is individuals that matter, each and every person, together with their families
- #mahu059 - the common good as the social expression of the dignity recognized in every person
- #mahu060 - the sum total of social conditions which allow people to reach their fulfillment
- #mahu061 - the result of interaction and mutual influence that connects various actions, initiatives, efforts and decisions
- #mahu062 - Working together for the common good means having a shared vision
- #mahu063 - public authorities have the duty to “harmonize the different sectoral interests with the requirements of justice
- #mahu064 - safeguarding the global common good without compromising the legitimate diversity of peoples and nations
- #mahu065 - soil, water, air and natural resources ... every person has an inherent right to the use of such goods
- #mahu066 - there is a right to private property .. yet it is always subordinate to the universal destination of goods
- #mahu067 - patents, algorithms, digital platforms, technological infrastructure and data among the goods intended for everyone
- #mahu068 - the role of individuals, families, local communities & intermediary orgs. should not be supplanted by authorities
- #mahu069 - Subsidiarity does not justify the State’s disengagement, but rather guides its actions
- #mahu070 - In this way people can participate in the decision-making process
- #mahu071 - The principle of subsidiarity applies especially in the context of the digital revolution
- #mahu072 - States and transnational institutions are called to ensure fair rules and effective safeguards
- #mahu073 - The principle of solidarity and achieving the common good
- #mahu074 - .. to transform unavoidable bonds into paths of sharing, cooperation and mutual care
- #mahu075 - Solidarity requires a modest and shared way of life ..
- #mahu076 - Like the natural environment, the “digital ecosystem” can be preserved or exploited, shared or monopolized
- #mahu077 - the capacity of a social, economic and political order to allow everyone to live a truly dignified life
- #mahu078 - social justice requires us to look at individuals and communities, starting with the most vulnerable
- #mahu079 - justice also assumes a restorative dimension
- #mahu080 - In the digital age the guiding principle is not solely profit but the dignity of every person and the common good
- #mahu081 - A litmus test .. today is the treatment of migrants, refugees and those forced to move due to poverty, violence, ...
- #mahu082 - .. indicate practical ways in which noble principles are implemented in real life
- #mahu083 - on development being truly human and integral
- #mahu084 - Integral human development
- #mahu085 - Integral human development as a framework through which to interpret the digital revolution
- #mahu086 - A culture of transparency, accountability and evaluation as key practices for missionary transformation
- #mahu087 - Subsidiarity as the guiding principle for governance and pastoral life
- #mahu088 - Where solidarity finds its source for the Christian community
- #mahu089 - Seeking the common good together, with shared responsibility and fraternity, is not a utopia, but a real possibility
- #mahu090 - The Tower of Babel and the ruins of Jerusalem
- #mahu091 - The Church reads the signs of the times and creatively seeks new ways for relationships between peoples and nations
- #mahu092 - The growing dominance of a technocratic paradigm
- #mahu093 - Because of their power they require a new spiritual, ethical and political framework
- #mahu094 - The danger of humanity becoming a victim of its own achievements
- #mahu095 - Power that is concentrated in the hands of a few and tends to become opaque and evade public oversight
- #mahu096 - Principles of Social Doctrine as criteria for judgment and discernment
- #mahu097 - to ensure that it will always be human intelligence, with its conscience & freedom, that guides technical innovations
- #mahu098 - an urgent need for a twofold commitment
- #mahu099 - we must avoid the misconception of equating this type of “intelligence” with that of human beings
- #mahu100 - A valuable tool that requires vigilance
- #mahu101 - the tendency to overlook the environmental impact
- #mahu102 - The use of AI is never a purely technical matter
- #mahu103 - injustice goes unnoticed, and compassion, mercy and forgiveness gradually disappear from view
- #mahu104 - Ethical discernment must also examine how that system is designed and what vision .. is embedded in it
- #mahu105 - For AI to respect human dignity and truly serve the common good, responsibility must be defined at every stage
- #mahu106 - the frequent imbalance: speed of technological growth, slower development of norms and safeguards
- #mahu107 - protecting the opportunities for communities still to be able to participate and ask questions
- #mahu108 - that the use of AI be guided by clear criteria and effective oversight, grounded in participation and subsidiarity
- #mahu109 - The principles of Social Doctrine offer a framework for understanding this new reality
- #mahu110 - Disarming AI, discrediting the assumption that technical power automatically confers the right to govern
- #mahu111 - developers are called to embed values in their projects with due seriousness
- #mahu112 - As efficiency becomes the ultimate measure of value,humans are tempted to see themselves as a project to be optimized
- #mahu113 - intelligence, when absolutized, overshadows other essential dimensions of life, such as affection, ...
- #mahu114 - The quality of a civilization is measured by the care it is able to offer
- #mahu115 - transhumanism and posthumanism
- #mahu116 - the central role of technology and the aspiration to transcend the limits of the human condition
- #mahu117 - scientific and technological advances, when detached from moral and social progress, end up turning against humanity
- #mahu118 - we live, without oversimplification, this ambivalence between human greatness and limitation
- #mahu119 - within our limitations, compassion, as well as a sincere concern for the needs of others find a place
- #mahu120 - If we fail to appreciate the specificity of the heart, we miss the messages that the mind alone cannot communicate
- #mahu121 - in moments of horror, “we have come to know man as he really is
- #mahu122 - because we experience limits we can recognize the inviolable dignity of every person
- #mahu123 - History as evidence that humanity is capable of creating institutions that protect our shared life
- #mahu124 - history can also change when individuals truly take the dignity of everyone seriously
- #mahu125 - The testimony of “martyrs of everyday life” demonstrates that goodness does not advance automatically
- #mahu126 - if an authentic “more than human” exists, where is it to be found?
- #mahu127 - it remains possible to enter into the heart of that inexhaustible life, even as we journey through the limitations ..
- #mahu128 - what saves humanity is not enhanced self-sufficiency, but a relationship that liberates, a communion that transforms
- #mahu129 - If power grows while the heart withers and human bonds fray, then we are faced with a new form of Babel
- #mahu130 - Two loves have built two cities: the earthly city, the love of self even to the contempt of God; the heavenly city ..
- #mahu131 - the digital transformation invites us to rediscover truth as a common good, to protect the dignity of work ..
- #mahu132 - Only the shared pursuit of the veracity of facts can provide a solid foundation for just communication
- #mahu133 - If society is to have a future, it must respect the truth of our human dignity and submit to that truth
- #mahu134 - Indifference to the truth leads to a descent into totalitarianism
- #mahu135 - communication “is not only the transmission of information, but it is also the creation of a culture”
- #mahu136 - the culture fostered on the internet
- #mahu137 - promote an ecology of communication, cultivating both the capacity to connect and synthesize knowledge
- #mahu138 - to commit to transparency in communication and to the honest pursuit of facts
- #mahu139 - a culture of immediacy and hyper-stimulation, giving rise to fatigue, boredom and apathy
- #mahu140 - Education needs time for development and for engagement with reality beyond appearances
- #mahu141 - early and unsupervised exposure to digital devices and social media can exacerbate young people’s vulnerabilities
- #mahu142 - it is essential to form an alliance among policy-makers, educational institutions and families
- #mahu143 - the world of education faces a number of urgent challenges
- #mahu144 - significant inequalities persist concerning access to basic education and higher studies
- #mahu145 - The second major challenge is pedagogical
- #mahu146 - an incessant flow of information replaces the essential exercise of research, reflection and discernment
- #mahu147 - Schools are called to offer that which the digital sphere by itself cannot provide
- #mahu148 - the Magisterium has recognized in work “the essential key” to understanding the entire social question
- #mahu149 - work is a requirement of the human condition, a normal path toward maturity, development and personal fulfilment
- #mahu150 - it is necessary to design systems that are centered on the human person and not solely on performance
- #mahu151 -outsized remuneration for a highly specialized minority alongside declining wages for a large portion of the workforce
- #mahu152 - the economic order must remain subordinate to human dignity and the common good
- #mahu153 - we must build concrete forms of human coexistence at this time of transformation
- #mahu154 - access to work for all must be a high priority for public policies and economic processes
- #mahu155 - New collaborative efforts are needed among political leaders, labor organizations, the business world, scientists
- #mahu156 - innovation can serve as an ally of safer, more creative and dignified work
- #mahu157 - economic freedom is not absolute; it must always be measured against the common good and the dignity of every person
- #mahu158 - decisions need to be taken to ensure that growth becomes inclusive from the outset
- #mahu159 - The development of parameters and metrics complementary to GDP is crucial
- #mahu160 - Finance for its own sake is different from finance aimed at the development, creation and evolution of work
- #mahu161 - justice requires access to the benefits of innovation, including care, knowledge, tools and opportunities
- #mahu162 - justice concerns every phase .. , from resource acquisition to financing, from production to consumption
- #mahu163 - prosperity contributes to building and reinforcing peace only if it is widespread, inclusive and sustainable
- #mahu164 - Criteria: transparency and accountability; inclusion and access; measures to ensure equity
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- #mahu210 - a world in a state of perpetual conflict is an evil
- #mahu211 - men and women who refuse to give up, who persevere in doing good, who protect the vulnerable ...
- #mahu212 - we must choose whether to fuel the mentality of force or to preserve the mindset of peace
- #mahu213 - we, each in our own way, can cooperate in building the civilization of love
- #mahu214 - We must all, therefore, examine our conscience regarding the words we use, the prejudices we have
- #mahu215 - Do you therefore wish to attain peace? Then practice justice!
- #mahu216 - There are times when, in order to remain human, we must set aside our reservations and take a stand
- #mahu217 - .. to become aware of the abyss of evil inherent in war, and generally in all forms of violence
- #mahu218 - Authentic realism starts by clearly identifying interests, fears, constraints & power dynamics, it seeks viable paths
- #mahu219 - dialogue .. is the primary means of coexistence between people and nations
- #mahu220 - For if we experience authentic encounters with others .. it becomes much more difficult even to imagine war
- #mahu221 - the method of negotiation, of encounter, of convergence, that is, the authentically human method!
- #mahu222 - To those who have the honor and responsibility of governing, ... War is never inevitable
- #mahu223 - in the most authentic sources of spiritual traditions, there is no room for “sanctified hatred”
- #mahu224 - the vocation of diplomacy is to foster dialogue with all parties
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- #mahu226 - International organizations, particularly the UN, are essential instruments for promoting a civilization of love
- #mahu227 - In the international context, the Holy See’s diplomacy adopts the Gospel’s principle of mercy
- #mahu228 - Let us never tire of praying for peace and of committing ourselves to achieving it in our relationships & in society
- #mahu229 -
- #mahu230
- #mahu231
- #mahu232
- #mahu233
- #mahu234
- #mahu235
- #mahu236 - The spirituality of the “wise architect” who is committed to building the world for the common good
- #mahu237 -
- #mahu238 - we must consider the digital world as a new continent to be evangelized
- #mahu239 - this covenant between glory and fragility that becomes the criterion for evaluating the anthropological models
- #mahu240 -
- #mahu241
- #mahu242
- #mahu243
- #mahu244 - to look at the world from a lower position: through the eyes of those who suffer rather than the mighty
- #mahu245 - the Lord continues to make all things new and offers every era the possibility of becoming part of salvation history
- Non-road mobile machinery regulation (EU) 2016/1628
- Proposed regulation on fertilizers (EU)
- REACH regulation (EC) 1907/2006
- Regulation (EU) No 2088/2019
- Regulation (EU) No 538/2014
- Regulation on fertilisers/soil improvers for agricultural use (EU) 2019/2099
- Rolling Stock regulation (EU) 1304/2014
- Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive (EC) 2001/42
- Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive (EC) 2009/128
- Type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles (EC) 661/2009
-
UNFCITC: Prevention and Resolution of Tax Disputes - #unprtd
- #unprtd01 - Definitions
- #unprtd02 - Bilateral and multilateral advance pricing arrangements
- #unprtd03 - Bilateral and multilateral advance rulings not related to transfer pricing
- #unprtd04 - Coordinated unilateral advance pricing arrangements
- #unprtd05 - Cooperative compliance arrangements
- #unprtd06 - Simultaneous tax audits
- #unprtd07 - Joint audits
- #unprtd08 - Relationships with other mechanisms and domestic procedures
- #unprtd09 - Common rules for taxpayer-initiated mechanisms
- #unprtd10 - Common rules for audit mechanisms
- #unprtd11 - Capacity building
- #unprtd12 - Mutual agreement procedure
- #unprtd13 - Mediation and conciliation
- #unprtd14 - Arbitration
- #unprtd15 - Rules applicable to mediators, conciliators or arbitrators
- #unprtd16 - Fees, remuneration and expenses
- #unprtd17 - United Nations support
- #unprtd18 - Process of consultations
- #unprtd19 - Information exchange and confidentiality
- #unprtd20 - Nature and effect of consultations
- #unprtd21 - Reservations to specific mechanisms
- #unprtd22 - Application in relation to other instruments
- #unprtd23 - Agreement to replace a mechanism
- #unprtd24 - Exchange of information, confidentiality and use of information
-
UNFCITC: Taxation of Income from Cross-Border Services - #unticbs
- #unticbs01 - Persons Covered
- #unticbs02 - Taxes covered
- #unticbs03 - General Definitions
- #unticbs04 - Resident
- #unticbs05 - Fees for services
- #unticbs06 - Income from automated digital services
- #unticbs07 - Insurance premiums
- #unticbs08 - International shipping and air transport
- #unticbs09 - Taxation based on physical presence
- #unticbs10 - Relief of double taxation
- #unticbs11 - Settlement of disputes arising under the protocol
- #unticbs12 - Exchange of information
- #unticbs13 - Meeting of the parties
- #unticbs14 - Secretariat
- #unticbs15 - Financial resources
- #unticbs16 - Amendments to the Protocol
- #unticbs17 - Depositary
- #unticbs18 - Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession
- #unticbs19 - Reservations
- #unticbs20 - Entry into force
- #unticbs21 - Withdrawals
- #unticbs22 - Authentic Texts
-
UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation - #unfcitc
- #unfcitc01 - Objectives
- #unfcitc02 - Principles
- #unfcitc03 - Definitions
- #unfcitc04 - Sustainable Development
- #unfcitc05 - Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights
- #unfcitc06 - High-net worth individuals
- #unfcitc07 - Tax-Related Illicit Financial Flows, Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion
- #unfcitc08 - Harmful Tax Practices
- #unfcitc09 - Prevention and Resolution of Tax Disputes
- #unfcitc10 - Mutual Administrative Assistance
- #unfcitc11 - Exchange of Information
- #unfcitc12 - Capacity Building and Technical Assistance
- #unfcitc13 - Conference of the States Parties to the Convention
- #unfcitc14 - Subsidiary Bodies
- #unfcitc15 - Data Collection and Analysis
- #unfcitc16 - Review and Verification
- #unfcitc17 - Secretariat
- #unfcitc18 - Financial Resources
- #unfcitc19 - Amendments to the Convention
- #unfcitc20 - Relation with Protocols
- #unfcitc21 - Relation with Other Agreements, Instruments and Domestic Law
- #unfcitc22 - Settlement of Disputes regarding the Convention
- #unfcitc23 - Depositary
- #unfcitc24 - Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession
- #unfcitc25 - Reservations
- #unfcitc26 - Entry into force
- #unfcitc27 - Withdrawals
- #unfcitc28 - Authentic Texts
-
UN Model Tax Convention 2025 - #unmtc
- #unmtc00 - Title and Preamble
- #unmtc01 - Persons covered
- #unmtc02 - Taxes covered
- #unmtc03 - General definitions
- #unmtc04 - Resident
- #unmtc05a - Income from the exploration for, or exploitation of, natural resources
- #unmtc05 - Permanent establishment
- #unmtc06 - Taxation of income
- #unmtc07 - Business profits
- #unmtc08 - International shipping and air transport
- #unmtc09 - Associated enterprises
- #unmtc10 - Dividends
- #unmtc11 - Interest
- #unmtc12AA - Fees for services
- #unmtc12b - Income from automated digital services
- #unmtc12c - Insurance premiums
- #unmtc12 - Royalties
- #unmtc13 - Capital gains
- #unmtc14 - Independent personal services
- #unmtc15 - Dependent personal services
- #unmtc16 - Directors’ fees and remuneration of top-level managerial officials
- #unmtc17 - Artistes and sportspersons
- #unmtc18 - Pensions and social security payments (alternatives A and B)
- #unmtc19 - Government service
- #unmtc20 - Students
- #unmtc21 - Other income
- #unmtc22 - Capital
- #unmtc23a - Exemption method
- #unmtc23b - Credit method
- #unmtc24 - Non-discrimination
- #unmtc25 - Mutual agreement procedure
- #unmtc26 - Exchange of information
- #unmtc27 - Assistance in the collection of taxes
- #unmtc28 - Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts
- #unmtc29 - Entitlement to benefits
- #unmtc30 - Entry into force
- #unmtc31 - Termination
- UN Transparency Protocol (#UNTP)
- Urban Wastewater treatment Directive (EEC) 1991/271
- Waste Framework Directive (EC) 2008/98
- Waste List Decision (EU) 2014/955
- Water Framework Directive (EC) 2000/60
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The (ontological) order of Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (#TBTA) is the Techno Order.
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